[简介]

德国短毛指示犬是一种万能猎犬，一种多用途的枪猎犬，能在水中和陆地执行各种困难的任务。在犬展中评判这德国短毛指示犬时，必须考虑他是否能反映出这种基本特征。在观察者眼睛中反映出来的应该是一个贵族化、非常平稳协调、匀称的动物，整体结构显示出力量、耐力、敏捷、且看起来非常聪明的动物。他既不小的夸张，也不大的离谱。给人的印象是中等身材，但很象严格意义上的猎犬， “背部短，但站立时，身躯有足够的长度”。

匀称性和野外适应力是根本。所以，在野外条件下，一个坚实但消瘦的狗不属于缺陷；但无论如何，过分肥胖或缺乏肌肉的狗都属于缺陷。一个平顺、协调的德国短毛指示犬比一个优点和缺陷同样突出的德国短毛指示犬要理想的多。优雅的轮廓，线条分明的头部，倾斜的肩胛，深深的胸部，有力的后背，结实的四肢，良好的骨骼，充足的肌肉，举在正确位置的尾巴和整洁的被毛，显示出高贵，并显示出继承了这个品种的古老传统。更明显地显示出传统的地方在于平稳、和谐而警惕的动作，同样的，没有任何多余的动作。

[体型]

尺寸：他的身高，雄性肩高约 23~25英寸；雌性肩高约21~23英寸。误差1英寸属于严重缺陷。雄性体重约55~70磅；雌性体重约45~60磅。

比例：体长（从胸骨到骨盆突出处的距离）与肩高的比例，德国短毛指示犬允许呈正方形比例，也允许体长略大于肩高。

体质：细巧而精致的骨骼不值得推荐，因为他必须拥有足够的力量，且有能力在各种地形条件下工作。最重要的特点是骨骼的尺寸不能太夸张，而是希望骨骼与身躯能形成正确的比例。骨骼太重或太轻都属于缺陷。高大或腿长的狗，意味着呆板，因为骨量太夸张了。象雄性一样的雌性或象雌性一样的雄性都属于缺陷。

[头部]

头部轮廓鲜明，既不太轻，也不太沉重，与身躯呈恰当的比例。

眼睛：中等大小，充满了智慧和表情，非常欢快但也放射出活力，既不突出，也不凹陷。眼睛的形状为杏仁形，不圆。首选的颜色是深褐色。浅黄色眼睛不理想，且处于缺陷。眼睛距离太接近属于缺陷。青灰色眼睛或眼睛内有色环属于失格。

耳朵：宽且位置相当高，平躺着，决不是挂在头上。它们的位置应该比眼睛的水平高一些，耳朵向前平躺时，没有受到任何力量的拉扯，自然的延伸到嘴角。如果是重一些的狗，耳朵也相应长一些。耳朵过分长或过分厚重属于缺陷。

脑袋：适度宽阔，侧面略拱，而顶部略微圆。不象指示犬（波音达犬），前额上，两眼睛之间的中心线不深，后枕骨也不显著。前脸从鼻镜向前额方向逐渐上升。这种上升在雄性身上，比在雌性身上更明显和突出。颌部结实有力且肌肉非常发达。向前额方向逐渐上升的线条上，没有象指示犬那样清晰的止部，但从侧面观察，有止部的效果，主要是由于眉毛造成的。

口吻：十分长，使他能够逮住猎物，并能长时间控制它。象指示犬那样的口吻不合要求。深度是与长度呈正确的比例，对口吻或脑袋来说都是这样。口吻的长度与脑袋的长度大致相等。盘子状的口吻属于缺陷。

鼻镜：褐色，越大越好，鼻孔宽阔，且开阔。有斑点的鼻镜不合需要。肉色鼻镜属于失格。有点突出的鼻镜突然终止。嘴唇丰满而深，但没有下垂的上唇。

牙齿：结实而沉重。臼齿结合良好。咬合是真正的剪状咬合，钳状咬合属于缺陷。上颚突出式咬合或下颚突出式咬合属于失格。

[颈部、背线、身躯]

颈部有足够的长度，使颌部能延伸出去，并捡回猎物，向下倾斜，形成漂亮的曲线。颈背肌肉发达，逐渐向肩部加粗。适度的赘肉是允许的。皮肤紧密而贴身。胸部给人的印象通常是深度胜于宽度；整个胸部，与身体的其他部分成正确的比例。胸部延伸到肘部，肋骨支撑起胸腔，肋骨支撑良好，不显得平坦或平板胸；但同时它们也不太圆拱或呈桶状胸。后面的肋骨也向下伸展。贴近肘部后面的胸腔要小于肘部一掌宽以后部分的胸腔，使上臂有足够的运动空间。上提很明显。

背部：短，强壮，且直，从尾根处到马肩隆略微上升。腰部结实，中等长度，轻微圆拱。过分长

、圆拱、摇摆的背部属于缺陷。臀部宽阔，臀窝距离宽，以优美的曲线略微向尾巴处下坠。陡峭的臀部属于缺陷。

尾巴：位置高且稳固，必须断尾，离开约总长度的 40%。当狗平静时，尾巴下垂，行走时，尾巴保持水平。当它运动时，尾巴决不能举过后背（向头部方向）。尾巴举向头部或向头部弯曲都属于严重缺陷。

[前躯]

肩胛：倾斜，灵活，肌肉发达。肩胛骨平躺着，向后倾斜约 45度角。上臂（在肩胛骨与肘关节之间的骨骼）尽可能长，站立时，有点接近躯干，所以腿直，靠近且肌肉发达，从前面观察，显得彼此平行。站立时，如果肘部接近身躯或太接近，会导致脚趾向内弯或向外翻，所以属于一种缺陷。胶骨结实、短、且非常轻微地倾斜，几乎是垂直的。松懈、肩胛骨短、或肩胛太直都属于缺陷。关节突出也属于缺陷。前肢的狼爪可以切除。

足爪：紧凑、紧密，形状从圆形到调羹形。脚趾圆拱，指甲沉重。脚垫结实，坚硬而厚实。

[后躯]

大腿结实且肌肉发达。膝关节适度弯曲。飞节关节角度良好，从飞节到脚垫的骨骼结实而直。膝关节和飞节的角度，能使驱动力和牵引力达到最佳平衡。飞节既不向内弯，也不向外翻。牛肢属于严重缺陷。

[被毛]

毛发短且浓厚，触摸感觉坚硬；在尾巴下面和臀部后面边缘的毛发有点长。头部和耳朵的毛发柔软、薄且略短。任何在身躯部位长有长长被毛的狗都属于严重缺陷。

[颜色]

被毛的颜色有可能是纯肝色或肝色与白色的结合，例如白色和肝色的点滴、肝色斑块和白色点滴、或肝色杂毛。任何区域带有黑色、红色、橘色、柠檬色、或棕色，或全白色的狗属于失格。

[步态]

平顺、柔软的步态十分关键。这是一种著名的从漫步逐渐加速到奔跑的步态，腿聚集在身体下方。趋向于单一轨迹是理想的现象。前腿向前伸展，靠近地面而没有马步（抬腿很高）姿态。后躯驱动力强大、平稳。

[气质]

德国短毛指示犬是一种友善、聪明且乐于助人德狗。给人的第一印象是热烈而渴望工作，没有任何神经不安或企图逃跑的迹象。

[失格]

青灰色眼睛或眼睛内有色环。肉色鼻镜。上颚突出式咬和或下颚突出式咬和。任何区域带有黑色、红色、橘色、柠檬色、或棕色，或全白色的狗。

标准通过日期： 1992年8月11日
标准修正日期：1992年9月30日

[下页为德国短毛指示犬(German Shorthaired Pointer)AKC标准英文原版]
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German Shorthaired Pointer Breed Standard

General Appearance
The German Shorthaired Pointer is a versatile hunter, an all-purpose gun dog capable of high performance in field and water. The judgement of Shorthairs in the show ring reflects this basic characteristic. The overall picture which is created in the observer's eye is that of an aristocratic, well balanced, symmetrical animal with conformation indicating power, endurance and agility and a look of intelligence and animation. The dog is neither unduly small nor conspicuously large. It gives the impression of medium size, but is like the proper hunter, "with a short back, but standing over plenty of ground." Symmetry and field quality are most essential. A dog in hard and lean field condition is not to be penalized; however, overly fat or poorly muscled dogs are to be penalized. A dog well balanced in all points is preferable to one with outstanding good qualities and defects. Grace of outline, clean-cut head, sloping shoulders, deep chest, powerful back, strong quarters, good bone composition, adequate muscle, well carried tail and taut coat produce a look of nobility and indicate a heritage of purposefully conducted breeding. Further evidence of this heritage is movement which is balanced, alertly coordinated and without wasted motion.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Size--height of dogs, measured at the withers, 23 to 25 inches. Height of *****es, measured at the withers, 21 to 23 inches. Deviations of one inch above or below the described heights are to be severely penalized. Weight of dogs 55 to 70 pounds. Weight of *****es 45 to 60 pounds. Proportion--measuring from the forechest to the rearmost projection of the rump and from the withers to the ground, the Shorthair is permissibly either square or slightly longer than he is tall. Substance--thin and fine bones are by no means desirable in a dog which must possess strength and be able to work over any type of terrain. The main importance is not laid so much on the size of bone, but rather on the bone being in proper proportion to the body. Bone structure too heavy or too light is a fault. Tall and leggy dogs, dogs which are ponderous because of excess substance, doggy *****es, and *****y dogs are to be faulted.

Head
The head is clean-cut, is neither too light nor too heavy, and is in proper proportion to the body. The eyes are of medium size, full of intelligence and expression, good-humored and yet radiating energy, neither protruding nor sunken. The eye is almond shaped, not circular. The preferred color is dark brown. Light yellow eyes are not desirable and are a fault. Closely set eyes are to be faulted. China or wall eyes are to be disqualified. The ears are broad and set fairly high, lie flat and never hang away from the head. Their placement is just above eye level. The ears when laid in front without being pulled, should extend to the corner of the mouth. In the case of heavier dogs, the ears are correspondingly longer. Ears too long or fleshy are to be faulted. The skull is reasonably broad, arched on the side and slightly round on top. Unlike the Pointer, the median line between the eyes at the forehead is not too deep and the occipital bone is not very conspicuous. The foreface rises gradually from nose to forehead. The rise is more strongly pronounced in the dog than in the *****. The jaw is powerful and the muscles well developed. The line to the forehead rises gradually and never has a definite stop as that of the Pointer, but rather a stop-effect when viewed from the side, due to the position of the eyebrows. The muzzle is sufficiently long to enable the dog to seize game properly and be able to carry it for a long time. A pointed muzzle is not desirable. The depth is in the right proportion to the length, both in the muzzle and in the skull proper. The length of the muzzle should equal the length of skull. A dish-shaped muzzle is a fault. A definite Pointer stop is a serious fault. Too many wrinkles in the forehead is a fault. The nose is brown, the larger the better, and with nostrils well opened and broad. A spotted nose is not desirable. A flesh colored nose disqualifies. The chops fall away from the somewhat projecting nose. Lips are full and deep yet are never flewy. The teeth are strong and healthy. The molars intermesh properly. The bite is a true scissors bite. A perfect level bite is not desirable and must be penalized. Extreme overshot or undershot disqualifies.

Neck, Topline, Body
The neck is of proper length to permit the jaws reaching game to be retrieved, sloping downwards on beautifully curving lines. The nape is rather muscular, becoming gradually larger toward the shoulders. Moderate throatiness is permitted. The skin is close and tight. The chest in general gives the impression of depth rather than breadth; for all that, it is in correct proportion to the other parts of the body. The chest reaches down to the elbows, the ribs forming the thorax show a rib spring and are not flat or slabsided; they are not perfectly round or barrel-shaped. The back ribs reach well down. The circumference of the thorax immediately behind the elbows is smaller than that of the thorax about a hand's breadth behind elbows, so that the upper arm has room for movement. Tuck-up is apparent. The back is short, strong, and straight with a slight rise from the root of the tail to the withers. The loin is strong, is of moderate length, and is slightly arched. An excessively long, roached or swayed back must be penalized. The hips are broad with hip sockets wide apart and fall slightly toward the tail in a graceful curve. A steep croup is a fault. The tail is set high and firm, and must be docked, leaving approximately 40% of its length. The tail hangs down when the dog is quiet and is held horizontally when he is walking. The tail must never be curved over the back toward the head when the dog is moving. A tail curved or bent toward the head is to be severely penalized.

Forequarters
The shoulders are sloping, movable, and well covered with muscle. The shoulder blades lie flat and are well laid back nearing a 45 degree angle. The upper arm (the bones between the shoulder and elbow joint) is as long as possible, standing away somewhat from the trunk so that the straight and closely muscled legs, when viewed from the front, appear to be parallel. Elbows which stand away from the body or are too close result in toes turning inwards or outwards and must be faulted. Pasterns are strong, short and nearly vertical with a slight spring. Loose, short-bladed or straight shoulders must be faulted. Knuckling over is to be faulted. Dewclaws on the forelegs may be removed. The feet are compact, close-knit and round to spoon-shaped. The toes are sufficiently arched and heavily nailed. The pads are strong, hard and thick.

Hindquarters
Thighs are strong and well muscled. Stifles are well bent. Hock joints are well angulated and strong with straight bone structure from hock to pad. Angulation of both stifle and hock joint is such as to achieve the optimal balance of drive and traction. Hocks turn neither in nor out. Cowhocked legs are a serious fault.

Coat
The hair is short and thick and feels tough to the hand; it is somewhat longer on the underside of the tail and the back edges of the haunches. The hair is softer, thinner and shorter on the ears and the head. Any dog with long hair in the body coat is to be severely penalized.

Color
The coat may be of solid liver or a combination of liver and white such as liver and white ticked, liver patched and white ticked, or liver roan. A dog with any area of black, red, orange, lemon or tan, or a dog solid white will be disqualified.

Gait
A smooth lithe gait is essential. It is to be noted that as gait increases from the walk to a faster speed, the legs converge beneath the body. The tendency to single track is desirable. The forelegs reach well ahead as if to pull in the ground without giving the appearance of a hackney gait. The hindquarters drive the back legs smoothly and with great power.

Temperament
The Shorthair is friendly, intelligent, and willing to please. The first impression is that of a keen enthusiasm for work without indication of nervous or flightly character.

Disqualifications
China or wall eyes.
Flesh colored nose.
Extreme overshot or undershot.
A dog with any area of black, red, orange, lemon, or tan, or a dog solid white.

Approved August 11, 1992
Effective September 30, 1992