Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Breed Standard

　　新斯科舍水鸭引诱寻回犬（特勒尔）是在 19世纪早期培育的，用来引诱、吸引和寻找水禽的一个品种。特勒尔犬沿着岸边玩一个木棒或小球，作些有趣的动作来引起远离岸边的鸭子的好奇心。鸭子被引诱到射程范围内，开枪后，犬被放出叼回打死的或受伤的猎物。

　　这是一种中型犬，有力，紧凑，均衡，是寻回犬中最小的一种。特勒尔犬的姿势和承受力显示了高度的力量和敏捷性。它警惕、坚定，迅速，有强烈的工作和取悦的愿望。

　　许多特勒尔犬在没有工作时会有轻微的忧伤或忧郁的表情。一给出最轻微的需要寻回的指示，它们就能让自己进入轻快的行动，同时带有强烈的专心和兴奋的表情。工作时它的沉重的羽状尾巴持续高举着。

大小、比例和体型

　　大小：马肩隆高－雄性 18－21英寸，理想为19英寸；雌性17－20英寸，理想为18英寸。

　　骨量：中等

　　重量：于犬的高度和骨量成比例。犬的长度应当略大于高度，比例约为 10比9，但是不能有背长的感觉。

头部

　　脑袋：头部轮廓鲜明，略呈楔形。脑袋宽，但只是略圆，从外观上看，当耳朵警立时，呈扁形。后脑勺不突出，面颊平。脑袋的长度，从后脑勺到止部，略长于从止部到鼻子尖的长度。头部要与身体的大小成比例。

　　表情：警惕，友好，机灵。许多特勒尔犬在没有工作时有忧郁的表情，工作时则显得高度集中和热情。

　　眼睛：眼睛位置分得很开，略倾斜，呈杏仁形。眼睛颜色与被毛颜色相混，或更深。眼框必须是单色或黑色，与鼻子和嘴唇的颜色相匹配。

　　缺陷：又大又圆的眼睛。眼框或眼睛不是规定的颜色。

　　耳朵：耳朵位置高，三角形，尖是圆的，在脑袋上位置靠后，形成脸型，其基部有些直立。耳朵的长度应该大约能到内眼角。耳朵应当向下耷拉着。耳朵上的被毛很短，只在折叠处的后面有丰富的绒毛。

　　止部：适中

　　口部：从止部到鼻子以干净的线条逐渐变细，下巴不过于突出。它的颌骨大到足以叼住相当大的鸟，重要的是嘴要柔韧。嘴的下线要强壮且干净。

　　缺陷：鱼形脸。

　　鼻子：鼻子相当宽，鼻孔很大，在尖部逐渐变细。颜色应当与被毛相仿，或是黑色。

　　缺陷：亮粉色鼻子

　　失格：蝴蝶鼻

　　嘴唇和垂唇：嘴唇闭得很紧，在外观上形成一个柔和的曲线，没有特别重的垂唇。

　　咬合：正确的咬合为很紧的剪状。要有完整的齿系。

　　失格：下颚突出，歪嘴，上颚突出多于 1/8英寸

颈部，背线和身体

　　颈部：颈部肌肉强健，位置合适，长度适中，看不出喉节。

　　背线：水平。缺陷：拱形或摇晃的背部。

　　身体：胸部深，肋骨弹力好，胸部到达肘部。肋骨既不是桶状也不是扁平的。背部强壮，短直。腰强壮，肌肉强健，有适量的折起。

　　尾部：尾巴顺着臀部有自然的轻微的坡形，在根部粗，非常华丽，有羽状毛，最后一根尾椎骨至少要到跗骨。除了警惕的时候，尾巴也可以举起在背部水平之上，举起是以曲线的形态，但是不能碰到身体。

　　缺陷：尾巴太短，扭结，或曲线状但是碰到了背部。当犬走路时，尾巴举在背部之下。

前半部

　　肩膀应当肌肉强健，强壮，角度适合，肩胛骨在长度上大略等于上臂。肘应当紧随身体运动，利索且均匀。从前面看，前腿外观上是一组平行线。骹骨强壮，略有坡形。

　　缺陷：下降的骹骨。

　　脚：脚有结实的蹼，略呈椭圆形，大小适中，紧密的弓形的脚趾，脚垫厚。前面的狼爪可以切除

　　缺陷：张开的或纸一样的脚。

后半部

　　后半部有肌肉，宽，呈方形。

　　臀部有很小的坡度。后部分的角度要与前部分相协调。后腿的上半部分和下半部分都是非常的肌肉强健，并且长度相等。膝关节有适度的倾斜。跗骨有很好的下降性，不能外弯或内弯。不能有后部狼爪

　　失格：后部狼爪。

被毛

　　特勒尔犬是用来从冰水中取回猎物的，必须有可防水的双层被毛，一层是长度和柔软度都适中的防水被毛，一层是柔软细密的底毛。背部的被毛可以有轻微的波形，但是其它的都要是直的。口部的毛短，纤细。会有季节性的脱落。外套一样的被毛并不适合工作犬，应当被视为缺陷。虽然在比赛中对脚，耳朵和跗骨的毛进行清理是可以的，但是特勒尔犬应当显得自然，没有被理毛的形象。必须有胡须。

　　缺陷：被毛过长。松散的被毛。

颜色

　　颜色为任何暗红色，从金红色到深红铜色，在尾巴下侧，马裤和身体下侧带浅色的的羽状毛。既使是金红色的浅色羽状毛在颜色中也深厚的颜色。

　　失格：棕色被毛，，在被毛上有黑色区域，或浅黄色。浅黄色是指脱色状、漂白状或银状颜色。浅黄色也可能是看起来像褪色的棕色，带或不带银色的毛尖。

　　标记：特勒尔犬通常至少有一个白色标记在下列位置：尾巴尖，脚（不能扩展到骹骨以上），胸前，并且是星状斑点。犬如果在其它方面具有高质量，将不会因为缺少白色斑点而扣分。

　　失格：在肩膀上，耳朵附近，颈的后面或腰侧面有白色。

步态

　　特勒尔犬的步态中组合了力量和轻松，显示出很好的前伸和强壮的后部驱动力。脚不能向外撇或向内撇，腿在运动时应当在一条线上。当以自然步态加速时，犬的脚会汇聚到一个中心线上，背线保持水平。

性情

　　特勒尔犬非常聪明，警惕，外向，随时准备着行动，但是不能到过于紧张或过于活跃的程度。它对家庭成员非常友好，对小孩子有耐性。有的会在新的环境中表现出拘谨，但是不能害羞。成年犬级别中的害羞应当扣分。特勒尔犬有强烈的寻回愿望，也很喜欢水，耐力强，对鸟有强烈的欲望，这对它作为一个引诱寻回犬的角色来说是很重要的。

失格

　　蝴蝶鼻。

　　下颚突出的咬合，歪嘴，上鄂突出超过 1/8英寸

　　后部狼爪

　　棕色被毛，在被毛上有黑色区域，或浅黄色。浅黄色是指脱色状、漂白状或银状颜色。浅黄色也可能是看起来像褪色的棕色，带或不带银色的毛尖。

　　在肩膀上，耳朵附近，颈的后面或腰侧面有白色。

通过： 2001年6月11日
生效：2001年9月1日

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Breed Standard

General Appearance
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (Toller) was developed in the early 19th century to toll, lure, and retrieve waterfowl. The playful action of the Toller retrieving a stick or ball along the shoreline arouses the curiosity of the ducks offshore. They are lured within gunshot range, and the dog is sent out to retrieve the dead or wounded birds.

This medium sized, powerful, compact, balanced dog is the smallest of the retrievers. The Toller's attitude and bearing suggest strength with a high degree of agility. He is alert, determined, and quick, with a keen desire to work and please.

Many Tollers have a slightly sad or worried expression when they are not working. The moment the slightest indication is given that retrieving is required, they set themselves for springy action with an expression of intense concentration and excitement. The heavily feathered tail is held high in constant motion while working.

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Club (USA) feels strongly that all Tollers should have these innate abilities, and encourages all Tollers to prove them by passing an approved Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Club (USA) field test.

Size, Proportion and Substance
Size: Height at the withers - males, 18-21 inches. The ideal is 19 inches. Females, 17-20 inches. The ideal is 18 inches. Bone: is medium. Weight is in proportion to height and bone of the dog. The dog's length should be slightly longer than height, in a ratio of 10 to 9, but should not give the impression of a long back.

Head
Skull: The head is clean-cut and slightly wedge shaped. The broad skull is only slightly rounded, giving the appearance of being flat when the ears are alert. The occiput is not prominent. The cheeks are flat. The length of the skull from the occiput to the stop is slightly longer than the length of the muzzle from the stop to the tip of the nose. The head must be in proportion to body size. Expression: The expression is alert, friendly, and intelligent. Many Tollers have a slightly sad expression until they go to work, when their aspect changes to intense concentration and desire. Eyes: The eyes are set well apart, slightly oblique and almond in shape. Eye color blends with the coat or is darker. Eye rims must be self-colored or black, matching the nose and lips. Faults: large round eyes. Eye rims and/or eyes not of prescribed color. Ears: The high set ears are triangular in shape with rounded tips, set well back on the skull, framing the face, with the base held slightly erect. Ear length should reach approximately to the inside corners of the eyes. Ears should be carried in a drop fashion. Ears are short-coated, and well feathered only on the back of the fold. Stop: The stop is moderate. Muzzle: The muzzle tapers in a clean line from stop to nose, with the lower jaw not overly prominent. The jaws are strong enough to carry a sizeable bird, and softness in the mouth is essential. The underline of the muzzle is strong and clean. Fault: dish face. Nose: The nose is fairly broad with the nostrils well open, tapering at the tip. The color should blend with that of the coat, or be black. Fault: bright pink nose. Disqualification: butterfly nose. Lips and flews: Lips fit fairly tightly, forming a gentle curve in profile, with no heaviness in the flews. Bite: The correct bite is tight scissors. Full dentition is required. Disqualifications: Undershot bite. Wry mouth. Overshot by more then 1/8 inch.

Neck, Backline, Body
Neck: The neck is strongly muscled and well set on, of medium length, with no indication of throatiness. Backline: Level. Faults: roached or sway back. Body: The body is deep in chest, with good spring of rib, the brisket reaching to the elbow. Ribs are neither barrel shaped nor flat. The back is strong, short and straight. The loins are strong and muscular, with moderate tuck-up. Fault: slack loins. Tail: The tail follows the natural very slight slope of the croup, is broad at the base, and is luxuriant and well feathered, with the last vertebra reaching at least to the hock. The tail may be carried below the level of the back except when the dog is alert, when it is held high in a curve, though never touching the body. Faults: tail too short, kinked, or curled over touching the back. Tail carried below the level of the back when the dog is gaiting.

Forequarters
The shoulder should be muscular, strong, and well angulated, with the blade roughly equal in length to the upper arm. The elbows should work close to the body, cleanly and evenly. When seen from the front, the foreleg's appearance is that of parallel columns. The pasterns are strong and slightly sloping. Fault: down in the pasterns. Feet: The feet are strongly webbed, slightly oval medium in size, and tight, with well-arched toes and thick pads. Front dewclaws may be removed. Faults: splayed or paper feet.

Hindquarters
The hindquarters are muscular, broad, and square in appearance. The croup is very slightly sloped. The rear and front angulation should be in balance. The upper and lower thighs are very muscular and equal in length. The stifles are well bent. The hocks are well let down, turning neither in nor out. Rear Dewclaws must not be present. Disqualification: rear dewclaws.

Coat
The Toller was bred to retrieve from icy waters and must have a water-repellent double coat of medium length and softness, and a soft dense undercoat. The coat may have a slight wave on the back, but is otherwise straight. Some winter coats may form a long loose curl at the throat. Featherings are soft and moderate in length. The hair on the muzzle is short and fine. Seasonal shedding is to be expected. Overcoated specimens are not appropriate for a working dog and should be faulted. While neatening of the feet, ears, and hocks for the show ring is permitted, the Toller should always appear natural, never barbered. Whiskers must be present. Faults: coat longer than medium length. Open coat.

Color
Color is any shade of red, ranging from a golden red through dark coppery red, with lighter featherings on the underside of the tail, pantaloons, and body. Even the lighter shades of golden red are deeply pigmented and rich in color. Disqualifications: brown coat, black areas in coat, or buff. Buff is bleached, faded, or silvery. Buff may also appear as faded brown with or without silver tips. Markings: the Toller has usually at least one of the following white markings - tip of tail, feet (not extending above the pasterns) chest and blaze. A dog of otherwise high quality is not to be penalized for lack of white. Disqualifications: white on the shoulders, around the ears, back of neck, or across the flanks.

Gait
The Toller combines an impression of power with a springy gait, showing good reach in front and a strong driving rear. Feet should turn neither in nor out, and legs travel in a straight line. In its natural gait at increased speeds, the dog's feet tend to converge towards a center line, with the backline remaining level.

Temperament
The Toller is highly intelligent, alert, outgoing, and ready for action, though not to the point of nervousness or hyperactivity. He is affectionate and loving with family members and is good with children, showing patience. Some individuals may display reserved behavior in new situations, but this is not to be confused with shyness. Shyness in adult classes should be penalized. The Toller's strong retrieving desire coupled with his love of water, endurance and intense birdiness, is essential for his role as a tolling retriever.

Disqualifications
Butterfly nose.
Undershot bite, wry mouth, overshot by more than 1/8 inch.
Rear dewclaws.
Brown coat, black areas in coat, or buff. Buff is bleached, faded or silvery. Buff may also appear as faded brown, with or without silver tips.
White on the shoulders, around the ears, back of the neck, or across the flanks.

Approved: June 11, 2001
Effective: September 1, 2001

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