史毕诺犬(Spinone Italiano)AKC标准及介绍

[史毕诺犬简介]

肌肉发达且骨骼强健的狗。精力旺盛且充沛，他无疑是一种能辛苦工作的枪猎犬。天生喜欢交际，听话而耐心的史毕诺犬能吃苦耐劳，在任何地形条件下，都是一条有经验的猎犬。他质地坚硬的被毛能抵御恶劣的气候条件。史毕诺犬刚毛质的、浓密的被毛，及粗厚的皮肤，使他能穿越灌木丛，并使他能够忍耐冰冷的雨水，缺乏天然 "盔甲"的狗将受到严厉处罚。他另一种与众不同的特点是步幅很大，且速度很快的步态。因此，史毕诺犬天生就是一种非常卓越的寻回犬。

[史毕诺犬的体型]

高度：雄性肩高约为 23~27英寸；雌性肩高约为22~25英寸。体重：与他的大小及体质成正比。比例：他的结构趋向于正方形。身躯长度，从胸骨到臀部的距离，近似等于肩高，体长比肩高略长，但不超过1英寸是可以接受的。体质：史毕诺犬是一种结构坚固的狗，精力充沛且骨量充足。

[史毕诺犬的头部]

史毕诺犬的头部轮廓是非常独特的。表情对这个品种极为重要。应该显示出聪明和温顺。脑袋呈卵形，侧面略微倾斜。后枕骨明显突出，前额的凹槽十分明显。口吻：从前面观察，呈四方形。口吻的长度与后脑的长度相同。口吻的轮廓与脑袋的轮廓相互不平行，脸部向下。口吻中间位置的宽度大约为长度的 1/3。止部勉强可以察觉。鼻梁略呈罗马鼻更好，但笔直的鼻梁也可以接受，不属于缺陷。嘴唇：紧密地包裹着下巴。嘴唇集中到脑袋和口吻所在面或形成盘子脸都属于严重缺陷，并需要严格排除在比赛之外。眼睛：必须带有柔和甜蜜的表情，赭石色（略带微黄的褐色），深色狗的眼睛颜色深，浅色狗的眼睛颜色浅。眼睛大，张开，位置分地较远，眼睛差不多是圆形的。眼睑紧密贴合眼睛，在狩猎中，能保护眼睛不受到泥沙碎屑的伤害，眼睑松懈属于缺陷。眼睛既不突出，也不深陷。眼圈明显可见，颜色随被毛不同而不同，从肉色到褐色都有。眼内有色环属于失格。鼻镜：外观呈球状、海绵状，上边缘显得圆。鼻孔大而张开。从轮廓上看，鼻镜突出部分比唇线更向前一点。白色狗的鼻镜色素为肉色；白色和橘色狗的鼻镜颜色深一些；褐色或褐色杂毛狗的鼻镜颜色为褐色。鼻镜为标准允许颜色以外的任何颜色，或色素缺乏都属于失格。牙齿：颌部强健有力，牙齿为剪状咬和或钳状咬和。上颚突出式咬和或下颚突出式咬和属于失格。耳朵：实际上是三角形的。位置与眼睛齐平或略低，向下垂，胆略有向上抬起的力量。耳廓细腻，覆盖着短而浓密的毛发，混合着长而稀疏的毛发，形成厚实的边缘。耳朵的长度，沿着头部向前延伸，可以达到鼻子的部位，不会短于鼻尖后1英寸。前侧边缘贴着面颊，无折叠，但略向外翻，耳尖略圆。

[史毕诺犬的颈部、背线、身躯]

颈部：结实，粗且肌肉发达。颈背整洁清晰，以和谐的线条融入肩胛。喉咙处皮肤适度松弛，形成双层赘肉。

胸部：宽，深，肌肉发达且相当圆；深度达到肘部。肋骨支撑良好，从地面到肘部的距离约为肩高的 1/2。背部：背线由两部分组成。第一部分略微向下倾斜，几乎是笔直的线条，从马肩隆开始到第十一节胸椎为止；大约到马肩隆后6英寸处。第二部分逐渐上升，延伸到坚固而圆拱的腰部。下腹曲线坚固，非常轻微地上提。

臀部：肌肉发达，长。髋骨倾斜，与脊椎呈大约 30度角，形成轻巧的圆弧形，丰满的臀部。尾巴：臀部曲线的延伸，根部粗，姿势为水平或向下，走动时左右摇摆是最好的。尾巴上没有刘海，断尾，保留5.5~8英寸。尾巴习惯于高过后背或在工作中笔直向上都属于缺陷。

[史毕诺犬的前躯]

肩胛：有力而长，马肩隆不过分突出；肩胛骨与上臂骨成大约 105度角。肌肉发达且非常清晰，肩胛骨上端不十分靠近。肩胛骨上端的理想距离为2英寸或更多。肩胛骨的角度与后躯的角度相互平衡。前肢：从前面观察，前肢非常直，骨骼强健，肌肉发达而清晰；肘部位于马肩隆下方，且贴近身躯。骹骨长、倾斜、柔韧，连接垂直的前臂。从轮廓上看，略微倾斜。足爪：大而紧凑，圆形，脚趾圆拱且紧密，覆盖着短而浓密的毛发，包括脚趾间也有。脚垫倾斜而坚硬，趾甲结实，向地面弯曲，趾甲色素充足，但决不是黑色。狼爪可以切除。

[史毕诺犬的后躯]

大腿结实，肌肉发达，膝关节显示出来的角度恰当，第二节大腿非常发达，肌肉强健且宽度良好。飞节位于臀部到足爪距离的 1/3处比较理想，结实，精干且完全垂直于地面。缺陷：牛肢。足爪：与前肢足爪的特征基本一致，但更接近卵形。狼爪可以切除。

[史毕诺犬的皮肤]

皮肤必须非常厚，紧贴身躯。在头部、喉咙、腹股沟、腿下面及肘关节折叠处的皮肤略松，触摸的感觉柔软。色素沉积与上面的被毛颜色相称。失格：任何黑色。

[史毕诺犬的被毛]

史毕诺犬必须有正确的被毛和正确的样式。身躯的被毛长度约为 1.5~2.5英寸，允许的误差为0.5英寸。头部、耳朵、口吻、腿部前面及足爪覆盖着短短的毛发，腿部后面的毛发形成粗糙的刷子状，但没有任何刘海。眼睛和嘴唇周围有硬硬的毛发，构成眉毛、髭须及虬髯，在石楠和灌木丛中保护脸部。被毛浓密、硬、平坦或略有波纹，决不卷曲。没有底毛。史毕诺犬必须体现出自然的外貌，他的外貌不允许改变。他应该体现出一个在野外工作的狗的自然相貌。被毛长、柔软、丝质、有底毛、或其他背离标准所描述的地方，也包括了过度修饰被毛，例如：修剪毛发、刨除毛发、及装饰都属于严重缺陷，并将他们严格排除在比赛之外。

[史毕诺犬的颜色]

承认的颜色包括：纯白色；白色和橘色；橘色杂毛，带或不带橘色斑纹；白色和褐色；褐色杂毛带或不带褐色斑纹。最希望得到的褐色斑纹是栗子色的， "修道士长袍"色，但是不同深度的褐色都是允许的。失格：被毛出现黑色；棕色、三色斑纹以任何方式组合，及承认的颜色以外的其他任何颜色。

[史毕诺犬的步态]

史毕诺犬首要的定位和功能是枪猎犬。培育地目的是需要一种多功能的猎犬，这一点必须重点考虑。轻松而松弛的小跑能提供持久的耐力。以最小的努力，能覆盖最大面积的地面，这是对一个多用途枪猎犬的要求。在小跑步态中，背线轮廓完全受控，在此品种中，成熟雌性出现轻微的身躯滚动是允许的。在狩猎时，在飞速奔驰时，间歇性的出现缓步行走是允许的，这样可以更快，更彻底地覆盖地面。任何妨碍他完成使命的地方都属于严重缺陷。

[史毕诺犬的缺陷]

所有背离前面所描述的特征的地方都属于缺陷，并需要根据背离的程度进行扣分。

[失格]

眼睛内有色环。

鼻镜为标准允许色素以外的任何色素，或色素缺乏。

上颚突出式咬和或下颚突出式咬和。

任何黑色的色素沉积。

被毛出现黑色；棕色、三色斑纹以任何方式组合，及承认的颜色以外的其他任何颜色。

标准通过日期：2000年2月11日

标准修正日期： 2000年9月28日

[下页为史毕诺犬(Spinone Italiano)AKC标准英文原版]

Spinone Italiano Breed Standard

General Appearance
Muscular dog with powerful bone. Vigorous and robust, his purpose as hardworking gun dog is evident. Naturally sociable, the docile and patient Spinone is resistant to fatigue and is an experienced hunter on any terrain. His hard textured coat is weather resistant. His wiry, dense coat and thick skin enable the Spinone to negotiate underbrush and endure cold water that would severely punish any dog not so naturally armored. He has a remarkable tendency for an extended and fast trotting gait. The Spinone is an excellent retriever by nature.

Size, Proportion, Substance:
Height: The height at the withers is 23 to 27 inches for males and 22 to 25 inches for females. Weight: In direct proportion to size and structure of dog. Proportion: His build tends to fit into a square. The length of the body, measured from sternum to point of buttocks, is approximately equal to the height at the withers with tolerance of no more than 1 inch in length compared to height. Substance: The Spinone is a solidly built dog, robust with powerful bone.

Head:
Long. The profile of the Spinone is unique to this breed. Expression is of paramount importance to the breed. It should denote intelligence and gentleness. Skull of oval shape, with sides gently sloping. With occipital protuberance well developed, medial-frontal furrow is very pronounced. Muzzle: Square when viewed from the front. Muzzle length is equal to that of backskull. The planes of the skull and muzzle are diverging, downfaced. Its width measured at its midpoint is a third of its length. Stop is barely perceptible. Bridge of the muzzle is preferably slightly Roman, however, straight is not to be faulted. Lips fitting tightly to the jawline. Convergence of planes of the skull and muzzle or a dish-faced muzzle is to be faulted so severely as to eliminate from further competition. Eyes: Must have a soft sweet expression. Ochre (yellowish brown) in color, darker eyes with darker colored dogs, lighter eyes with lighter colored dogs. Large, well opened, set well apart, the eye is almost round, the lids closely fitting the eye, to protect the eye from gathering debris while the dog is hunting, loose eye lids must be faulted. Which is neither protruding nor deep set. Eye rim clearly visible, color will vary with coat color from flesh colored to brown.Disqualification: Walleye. Nose: Bulbous and spongy in appearance with upper edge rounded. Nostrils are large and well opened. In profile, the nose protrudes past the forward line of the lips. (Pigment is flesh colored in white dogs, darker in white and orange dogs, brown in brown or brown roan dogs.) Disqualification: Any pigment other than described or incomplete pigment of the nose is to be disqualified. Teeth: Jaw is powerful. Teeth are positioned in a scissors or level bite. Disqualification: Overshot or undershot bite. Ears: Practically triangular shape. Set on a level just below the eye, carried low, with little erectile power. The leather is fine, covered with short, thick hair mixed with a longer sparser hair, which becomes thicker along edges. Length, if measured along the head would extend to tip of nose and no more than 1 inch beyond the tip. The forward edge is adherent to the cheek, not folded, but turned outward; the tip of the ear is slightly rounded.

Neck, Topline, Body:
Neck: Strong, thick, and muscular. Clearly defined from the nape, blending in to the shoulders in a harmonious line. The throat is moderate in skin with a double dewlap. Chest: Broad, deep, well muscled and well rounded; extending at least to the elbow. The ribs are well sprung. The distance from ground to the elbow is equal to 1/2 the height at the withers. Back: The topline consists of two segments. The first slopes slightly downward in a nearly straight line from the withers to the 11th thoracic vertebrae, approximately 6 inches behind the withers. The second rises gradually and continues into a solid and well-arched loin. The underline is solid and should have minimal tuck up. Croup: Well muscled, long. The hipbones fall away from the spinal column at an angle of about 30 degrees, producing a lightly rounded, well filled-out croup. Tail: Follows the line of the croup, thick at the base, carried horizontally or down; flicking from side to side while moving is preferred. The tail should lack fringes. It is docked to a length of 5 1/2 to 8 inches. Tail habitually carried above the level of the back or straight up when working is to be penalized.

Forequarters:
Shoulders: Powerful and long, withers not too prominent; forming an angle with the upper arm of approximately angle 105. With well-developed muscles, the points of the shoulder blades are not close together. The ideal distance between the shoulder blades is approximately two inches or more. Angulation of shoulder is in balance with angulation in the rear. Forelegs: The forelegs are straight when viewed from the front angle with strong bone and well-developed muscles; elbows set under the withers and close to the body. Pasterns are long, lean and flexible following the vertical line of the forearm. In profile, they are slightly slanted. Feet: Large compact, rounded with well-arched toes, which are close together, covered with short, dense hair, including between the toes. Pads are lean and hard with strong nails curving toward the ground, well pigmented, but never black. Dewclaws may be removed.

Hindquarters:
Thighs are strong and well muscled, stifles show good function angulation, lower thigh to be well developed and muscled with good breadth. The hock, with proportion of 1/3 the distance from the hip joint to foot being ideal, is strong, lean and perpendicular to the ground. Fault: Cowhocks. Feet: Slightly more oval than the forefoot with the same characteristics. Dewclaws may be removed.

Skin:
The skin must be very thick, closely fitting the body. The skin is thinner on the head, throat, groin, under the legs and in the folds of the elbows is soft to the touch. Pigmentation is dependent upon the color or markings of the coat. Disqualification: Any black pigmentation.

Coat:
A Spinone must have a correct coat to be of correct type. The ideal coat length is 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 inches on the body, with a tolerance of 1/2 inch over or under the ideal length. Head, ears, muzzle and front sides of legs and feet are covered by shorter hair. The hair on the backsides of the legs forms a rough brush, but there are never any fringes. The eyes and lips are framed by stiff hair forming eyebrows, mustache and tufted beard, which combine to save fore face from laceration by briar and bush. The coat is dense, stiff and flat or slightly crimped, but not curly, with an absence of undercoat. The Spinone is exhibited in a natural state. The appearance of the Spinone may not be altered. The dog must present the natural appearance of a functional field dog. Dogs with a long, soft or silky coat, the presence of undercoat, or any deviation of the coat is defined in this as well as excessive grooming, i.e., scissoring, clipping, or setting of pattern shall be severely penalized as to eliminate them from further competition.

Color:
The accepted colors are: Solid white, white and orange; orange roan with or without orange markings; white with brown markings, brown roan with or without brown markings. The most desired color of brown is chestnut brown, "monks habit", however, varying colors of brown are acceptable. Disqualification: Any black in the coat, tan, tri-color, in any combination, or any color other than accepted colors.

Gait: The Spinone is first and foremost a functional working gun dog. Its purpose as a versatile hunting dog must be given the utmost consideration. Easy and loose trot geared for endurance. Maximum ground is covered with least amount of effort, which his purpose as a versatile working gun dog demands. Profile of the topline kept throughout the trotting gait, light body roll in mature *****es is characteristic of the breed. While hunting, an extended fast trot with intermittent paces of a gallop allows the Spinone to cover ground quickly and thoroughly. Any characteristics that interfere with the accomplishment of the function of the Spinone shall be considered as a serious fault.

Faults: Any departure from the foregoing points constitutes a fault which when judging must be penalized according to its seriousness and extension.

Disqualification
Wall Eye
Any pigment other than described or incomplete pigment of the nose.
Overshot or undershot bite.
Any black pigmentation.
Any black in the coat; tan, tri-color markings in any combination, or any color other than accepted colors.

Approved: February 11, 2000
Effective: September 28, 2000


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